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Chicago Style GuideHTML and PDF versions are short guides to the use of Chicago style. Please consult The Chicago Manual of Style online or in your campus library Reference Collection for additional information:
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| Footnote or Endnote Reference | Corresponding Bibliography Entry | |
| Single author | 1 Terry Glavin, A Death Feast in Dimlahamid (Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990), 106. | Glavin, Terry. A Death Feast in Dimlahamid . Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990. |
| Two authors | 2 Arthur Kallet and F. J. Schlink, 100,000,000 Guinea Pigs: Dangers in Everyday Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1933), 47. | Kallet, Arthur, and F. J. Sch link. 100,000,000 Guinea Pigs: Dangers in Everyday Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics . New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1933. |
| Three authors | 3 Carole Shammas, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel Dahlin, Inheritance in America: From Colonial Times to the Present (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987), 97. | Shammas, Carole, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel Dahlin. Inheritance in America: From Colonial Times to the Present . New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987. |
| More than three authors | 4 Alison Prentice et al., Canadian Women: A History (Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988), 121-23. | Prentice, Alison, et al. Canadian Women: A History . Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988. |
| Chapter in an edited book | 5 Roger Sarty, "Canada and the Great Rapproachment, 1902-1914,” in The North Atlantic Triangle in a Changing World: Anglo-American-Canadian Relations, 1902-1956, ed. B.J.C. McKercher and Lawrence Aronson (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996), 19. | Sarty, Roger. "Canada and the Great Rapproachment, 1902-1914.” In The North Atlantic Triangle in a Changing World: Anglo-American-Canadian Relations, 1902-1956, edited by B.J.C. McKercher and Lawrence Aronson. 12-47. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. |
| Anony- mous |
6 The Lottery (London: J. Watts, 1732), 18. | The Lottery. London: J. Watts, 1732. |
| Edition other than first | 7 Jacques Barzun and Henry F. Graff, The Modern Researcher , 3rd ed. (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch, 1977), 3-5. | Barzun, Jacques, and Henry F. Graff. The Modern Researcher . 3rd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch, 1977. |
| Under the direction of an editor | 8 Marylee Stephenson, ed., Women in Canada (Toronto: New Press, 1973), 261. | Stephenson, Marylee, ed. Women in Canada . Toronto: New Press, 1973. |
| More than one volume | 9 Edward Hallett Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966), 3: 170-73. | If you used only one volume in the series:
Carr, Edward Hallett. The Bolshevik Revolution, If you used more than one volume in the series:
Carr, Edward Hallett. The Bolshevik Revolution, |
| In trans- lation |
10 Alexander Solzhenitsyn, August 1914 , trans. Michael Glenny (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974), 110. | Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. August 1914 . Translated by Michael Glenny. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974. |
| Footnote or Endnote Reference | Corresponding Bibliography Entry | |
| Journal article | 11 Constance B. Backhouse, “Married Women’s Property Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada,” Law and History Review 6, no. 2 (Fall 1988): 233. | Backhouse, Constance B. “Married Women’s Property Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada.” Law and History Review 6, no. 2 (Fall 1988): 211-57. |
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Journal article appearing in an electronic database |
12 James L. McClain, “Castle Towns and Daimyo Authority: Kanazawa in the Years 1583-1630,” Journal of Japanese Studies 6, no. 2 (Summer 1980): 269, accessed March 2, 2007, http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.okanagan.bc.ca/table/132323 | McClain, James L. “Castle Towns and Daimyo Authority: Kanazawa in the Years 1583-1630.” Journal of Japanese Studies 6, no. 2 (Summer 1980): 267-99. Accessed March 2, 2007. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.okanagan.bc.ca/stable/132323 |
| Journal article in an e- journal |
13 Trudi Johnson, “Women and Inheritance in Nineteenth-Century Newfoundland,” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 13, no. 1 (2002): 5, accessed February 13, 2007, http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031151ar |
Johnson, Trudi. “Women and Inheritance in Nineteenth-Century Newfoundland.” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 13, no. 1 (2002): 1-22. Accessed February 13, 2007. http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031151ar |
| Book review | 14 Edward N. Lutwak, review of The Cold War , by John Lewis Gaddis, Times Literary Supplement, March 24, 2006, 5. | Lutwak, Edward N. Review of The Cold War, by John Lewis Gaddis. Times Literary Supplement, March 24, 2006, 5. |
| Magazine article | 15 Paul Lang, “When Venice Saved its Grace,” BBC History , August 2006, 33. | Lang, Paul. “When Venice Saved its Grace.” BBC History , August 2006, 32-34. |
| News- paper article |
16 “Bull and the Gun,” Edmonton Journal , August 18, 1990, G1. | “Bull and the Gun.” Edmonton Journal , August 18, 1990, G1. If you have cited several articles from a newspaper, do not cite each article separately in the bibliography. Provide the name of the newspaper and the date range consulted: New York Times , September 1977-August 1980. |
| Reference work | 17 Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, s.v. “Laval, François de.”
18 Encyclopaedia Britannica , 11th ed., s.v. “Blake, William,” by J. W. Comyns-Carr. The abbreviation “s.v.” signifies the latin sub verbo , meaning “under the word.” |
Reference works are not entered in the bibliography. |
| Footnote or Endnote Reference | Corresponding Bibliography Entry | |
| Unpub- lished thesis or disser- tation |
19 John S. Lutz, “Losing Steam: Structural Change in the Manufacturing Economy of British Columbia, 1860-1915” (M.A. thesis, University of Victoria, 1988), 67. | Lutz, John S. “Losing Steam: Structural Change in the Manufacturing Economy of British Columbia, 1860-1915.” M.A. thesis, University of Victoria, 1988. |
| Govern- ment docu- ment |
20 British Columbia, Report of Royal Commission on Matters Relating to the Sect of Doukhobors in the Province of British Columbia, 1912 (Victoria: King’s Printer, 1913), T22. | British Columbia. Report of Royal Commission on Matters Relating to the Sect of Doukhobors in the Province of British Columbia, 1912 . Victoria: King’s Printer, 1913. |
| Inter- view |
21 Timothy McVeigh, interviewed by Ed Bradley, 60 Minutes , Columbia Broadcasting System, March 26, 2000. | McVeigh, Timothy. Interviewed by Ed Bradley. 60 Minutes. Columbia Broadcasting System, March 26, 2000. |
| Personal Commu- nication |
22 Peter Russell, telephone interview by author, October 2, 2006. | Do not list these sources of information in your bibliography |
| Website | Consult your instructor or librarian for guidelines on website use. For citation examples, see: < www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/citex.html > |
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FOOTNOTE/ENDNOTE CITATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES – A few tips
Provide footnotes or endnotes in the following situations:
- To indicate the exact source of every quotation used.
- To acknowledge indebtedness to others for opinions, ideas, or work product (e.g., statistics).
- To provide authority for facts that are not common knowledge, or that the reader might be inclined to doubt.
- To provide pertinent information that would disrupt the flow of the argument if it was included in the essay itself.
Footnoting and Endnoting Rules
- Notes may be placed at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the paper (endnotes).
- Number the notes consecutively throughout the paper. Note numbers should be in superscript 1 or brackets (1).
- The names of the author(s) appear in the conventional order (first name, middle initial, last name). The title page of the work dictates whether the author’s given names or his initials are to be cited.
- The first line of each note is indented. Subsequent lines are not.
- Each note is single spaced. Double space (or enter a space) between notes.
- If a work is cited more than once, provide a shortened reference, including the author’s last name, the title in abbreviated form, and the page number. If you cite only one source by a particular author you may omit the abbreviated title.
- Sources cited in the notes must appear in the bibliography, with the exception of reference works.
Notes and bibliographies follow different rules. Consult pages one and two for detailed examples. The following are distinctive features of the bibliography:
- The bibliography should begin on a separate page at the end of the paper (after the endnotes).
- The first author of each work is listed last-name-first.
- The entries are arranged alphabetically by the author’s last name (or the title of an anonymous work).
- The first line of each entry begins at the left margin. Subsequent lines are indented.
- When an author appears more than once in a bibliography the ditto sign for his or her name appears as a line of 3 hyphens followed by a period: ---.
- The punctuation and style differs from the notes. Periods replace many of the commas found in note entries. Some parentheses are omitted. For books, no page numbers are provided. For articles, the entire page range is provided.
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Book entries typically contain the author’s full name; the book’s full title; the place, publisher, and date of publication. In the notes, include the specific page(s) on which the information or quotation appears; in the bibliography, no page numbers appear.
- Article entries typically contain the author’s full name; the article title; the journal title; the volume number (and issue number if the pagination begins at “1” in each issue); the date. In the notes, include the specific page(s) on which the information or quotation appears; in the bibliography, provide the entire page range.
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